What is the outcome of performing a Git merge between two branches?

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What is the outcome of performing a Git merge between two branches?

The changes/commits located within both the source branch and target branch are modified to cause the branches to converge.
The changes/commits located within the source branch are modified to mirror the changes/commits stored within the target branch.
The changes/commits located within the target branch are modified to mirror the changes/commits stored within the source branch.
The changes/commits of files within the target branch are analyzed against the changes/commits located within the source branch using a generic comparison tool.

Explanation: When a Git merge is performed, the source branch is untouched and only the target branch is modified.