In which situation would an ESD strike potentially cause harm to the PC?

Question:
In which situation would an ESD strike potentially cause harm to the PC?

• when replacing a mechanical hard drive with an M.2 SSD
• when installing an additional display in a workplace cubicle
• when using a grounded mat and working on a computer on an ungrounded workbench
• when installing a dual-voltage power supply

Other case

• when installing an additional display in a workplace cubicle
• when replacing high voltage laser printer parts
• while attaching speakers to a surround sound card
• when installing RAM

Explanation: Minimize the risk of electrostatic discharge. Whenever 2 things touch, there is always an exchange of electrons at the atomic level. Most of the time, this exchange is so negligible that you don't notice it, but even tiny bolts of static electricity can fry your RAM modules. In fact, any electrical component in your computer has a chance to be damaged by static electricity.

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