What could be the effect of duplicate unicast frames arriving at a destination device due to multiple active alternative physical paths?

What could be the effect of duplicate unicast frames arriving at a destination device due to multiple active alternative physical paths?

• Frame collisions increase.
• The number of broadcast domains increases.
• Application protocols malfunction.
• The number of collision domains increases.

Explanation: When multiple alternative physical paths exist, duplicate unicast frames from a sending host are sent to the destination. Many application protocols expect to receive only one copy of each packet, especially TCP-based protocols that use sequence number and acknowledge number to track the sequence of packets. Multiple copies of the same frame could cause application protocols to make errors in processing the packets. Broadcast storms are caused by switches flooding broadcast frames endlessly. With microsegmentation, collisions are controlled within each switch port.

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