Introduction to Cybersecurity: Course Final Exam Answers

Introduction to Cybersecurity: Course Final Exam Answers

Course Completion Assessment & Survey – Introduction to Cybersecurity final course exam

• Reverse proxy firewall
• Host-based firewall
• Proxy server
• Network address translation firewall
• Network layer firewall

2. Carrying out a multi-phase, long-term, stealthy and advanced operation against a specific target is often referred to as what?

• Advanced persistent threat
• Network sniffing
• Social engineering
• Script kiddies
• Rainbow tables

3. You are configuring access settings to require employees in your organization to authenticate first before accessing certain web pages. Which requirement of information security is addressed through this configuration?

• Scalability
• Availability
• Integrity
• Confidentiality

4. What are the objectives of ensuring data integrity? (Choose two correct answers)

• Data is unaltered during transit
• Data is not changed by unauthorized entities
• Data is encrypted while in transit and when stored on disks
• Access to the data is authenticated
• Data is available all the time

5. An organization is experiencing overwhelming visits to a main web server. You are developing a plan to add a couple of more web servers for load balancing and redundancy. Which requirement of information security is addressed by implementing the plan?

• Scalability
• Integrity
• Confidentiality
• Availability

6. What of the following are examples of cracking an encrypted password? (Choose four correct answers)

• Intimidation
• Brute force attack
• Network sniffing
• Rainbow tables
• Social engineering
• Spraying
• Dictionary attack

7. Improper management of physical access to a resource, such as a file, can lead to what type of security vulnerability?

• Weaknesses in security practices
• Race conditions
• Access control problems
• Buffer overflow
• Non-validated input

8. A medical office employee sends emails to patients about their recent visits to the facility. What information would put the privacy of the patients at risk if it was included in the email?

• Contact information
• Next appointment
• Patient records
• First and last name

9. What is the best way to avoid getting spyware on a machine?

• Install the latest antivirus updates
• Install the latest web browser updates
• Install software only from trusted websites
• Install the latest operating system updates

10. You are surfing the Internet using a laptop at a public Wi-Fi cafe. What should you check first before you connect to the public network?

• That the Bluetooth adapter is disabled
• If the laptop requires user authentication for file and media sharing
• That the laptop web browser is operating in private mode
• If the laptop has a master password set to secure the passwords stored in the password manager

11. What is the main function of the Cisco Security Incident Response Team?

• To design next generation routers and switches that are less prone to cyber attacks
• To design polymorphic malware
• To ensure company, system and data preservation
• To provide standards for new encryption techniques

12. Which of the following firewalls are placed in front of web services to protect, hide, offload and distribute access to web servers?

• Application layer firewall
• Proxy server
• Transport layer firewall
• Network layer firewall
• Reverse proxy server

13. Which of the following certifications meets the U.S. Department of Defense Directive 8570.01-M requirements, which is important for anyone looking to work in IT security for the federal government?

• EC Council Certified Ethical Hacker
• Microsoft Technology Associate Security Fundamentals
• ISACA CSX Cybersecurity Fundamentals
• CompTIA Security+
• ISC2 Certified Information Systems Security Professional
• Palo Alto Networks Certified Cybersecurity Associate

14. One of your colleagues has lost her identification badge. She is in a hurry to get to a meeting and does not have time to visit Human Resources to get a temporary badge. You lend her your identification badge until she can obtain a replacement.
Is this behavior ethical or unethical?

• Ethical
• Unethical

15. Which of the following certifications tests your understanding and knowledge in how to look for weaknesses and vulnerabilities in target systems using the same knowledge and tools as a malicious hacker, but in a lawful and legitimate manner?

• Palo Alto Networks Certified Cybersecurity Associate
• ISC2 Certified Information Systems Security Professional
• Microsoft Technology Associate Security Fundamentals
• CompTIA Security+
• ISACA CSX Cybersecurity Fundamentals
• EC Council Certified Ethical Hacker

16. What is the main purpose of cyberwarfare?

• To develop advanced network devices
• To gain advantage over adversaries
• To protect cloud-based data centers
• To simulate possible war scenarios among nations

17. What vulnerability occurs when the output of an event depends on ordered or timed outputs?

• Weaknesses in security practices
• Non-validated input
• Race conditions
• Buffer overflow
• Access control problems

18. What do you call the vulnerabilities discovered by Google security researchers that affect almost all CPUs released since 1995? (Select two correct answers)

• Shell shock
• WannaCry
• NotPetva
• Spectre
• Meltdown

19. If developers attempt to create their own security algorithms, it will likely introduce what type of vulnerabilities?

• Buffer overflow
• Race conditions
• Weaknesses in security practices
• Non-validated input
• Access control problems

20. Which technology creates a security token that allows a user to log in to a desired web application using credentials from a social media website?

• Open authorization
• VPN service
• Password manager
• In-private browsing mode3

21. Which of the following security implementations use biometrics? (Choose two correct answers)

• Fingerprint
• Phone
• Credit card
• Voice recognition
• Fob

22. Which of the following firewalls filters traffic based on source and destination IP addresses?

• Network layer firewall
• Proxy server
• Application layer firewall
• Transport layer firewall
• Network address translation firewall

23. Which of the following firewalls filters web content requests such as URLs and domain names?

• Application layer firewall
• Proxy server
• Reverse proxy server
• Network layer firewall
• Network address translation firewall

24. A port scan returns a ‘dropped’ response. What does this mean?

• A service is listening on the port
• Connections to the port will be denied
• There was no reply from the host

25. During a meeting with the Marketing department, a representative from IT discusses features of an upcoming product that will be released next year. Is this employee’s behavior ethical or unethical?

• Ethical
• Unethical

26. Which of the following is an entry-level certification for newcomers who are preparing to start their career in cybersecurity?

• CompTIA Security+
• Microsoft Technology Associate Security Fundamentals
• ISC2 Certified Information Systems Security Professional
• ISACA CSX Cybersecurity Fundamentals
• EC Council Certified Ethical Hacker
• Palo Alto Networks Certified Cybersecurity Associate

27. ‘Cybersecurity certifications are a way for you to verify your skills and knowledge and can also boost your career.’ Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

28. When describing malware, what is a difference between a virus and a worm?

• A virus focuses on gaining privileged access to a device, whereas a worm does not.
• A virus replicates itself by attaching to another file, whereas a worm can replicate itself independently.
• A virus can be used to launch a DoS attack (but not a DDoS), but a worm can be used to launch both DoS and DDoS attacks.
• A virus can be used to deliver advertisements without user consent, whereas a worm cannot.

29. An employee is laid off after fifteen years with the same organization. The employee is then hired by another organization within a week. In the new organization, the employee shares documents and ideas for products that the employee proposed at the original organization. Is the employee’s behavior ethical or unethical?

• Ethical
• Unethical

30. Which of the following firewalls filters traffic based on the user, device, role, application type and threat profile?

• Context aware application firewall
• Host-based firewall
• Network address translation firewall
• Network layer firewall
• Application layer firewall

31. What names are given to a database where all cryptocurrency transactions are recorded? (Select two correct answers)

• Blockchain
• Table
• Ledger
• Spreadsheet

32. Which of the following items are states of data? (Choose three correct answers)

• Storage
• Text
• ASCII
• Transmission
• Binary
• Processing

33. ‘Internet-based cameras and gaming gear are not subject to security breaches.’
Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

34. What vulnerability occurs when data is written beyond the memory areas allocated to an application?

• Buffer overflow
• Access control problems
• Race conditions
• Weaknesses in security practices
• Non-validated input

35. An organization’s IT department reports that their web server is receiving an abnormally high number of web page requests from different locations simultaneously. What type of security attack is occurring?

• Phishing
• Adware
• Social engineering
• DDoS
• Spyware

36. Which of the following are commonly used port scanning applications? (Select two correct answers)

• Zenmap
• Port number
• Sequence number
• Nmap

37. What action will an IDS take upon detection of malicious traffic?

• Block or deny all traffic
• Create a network alert and log the detection
• Drop only packets identified as malicious
• Reroute malicious traffic to a honeypot

38. Which of the following statements best describes cybersecurity?

• It is the name of a comprehensive security application for end users to protect workstations from being attacked
• It is a standard-based model for developing firewall technologies to fight against cybercrime
• It is a framework for security policy development
• It is an ongoing effort to protect Internet-connected systems and the data associated with those systems from unauthorized use or harm

39. ‘After a data breach, it’s important to educate employees, partners and customers on how to prevent future breaches.’ Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

40. An employee points out a design flaw in a new product to the department manager. Is this employee’s behavior ethical or unethical?

• Ethical
• Unethical

41. ‘Data coming into a program should be sanitized, as it could have malicious content, designed to force the program to behave in an unintended way.’ This statement describes what security vulnerability?

• Weaknesses in security practices
• Access control problems
• Buffer overflow
• Non-validated input
• Race conditions

42. Which of the following are examples of on-path attacks? (Choose two correct answers)

• SEO poisoning
• Man-in-the-Mobile
• Ransomware
• DDoS
• Man-in-the-Middle
• Worms

43. Which of the following firewalls filters traffic based on application, program or service?

• Context aware application firewall
• Proxy server
• Application layer firewall
• Host-based firewall
• Network layer firewall

44. A port scan returns a ‘closed’ response. What does this mean?

• There was no reply from the host
• A service is listening on the port
• Connections to the port will be denied

45. ‘Cryptocurrency transactions are digital.’ Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

46. What do you call a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong encryption to secure a financial transaction?

• Apple Pay
• Google Pay
• Near Field Communications
• Cryptocurrency

47. Which of the following tools used for incident detection can be used to detect anomalous behavior, command and control traffic, and detect infected hosts? (Choose two correct answers)

• Intrusion detection system
• Reverse proxy server
• NetFlow
• Nmap
• Honeypot

48. What name is given to a group of bots, connected through the Internet, with the ability to be controlled by a malicious individual or group?

• Hacker network
• Crime syndicate
• Zombie
• Botnet

49. What is the best approach for preventing a compromised IoT device from maliciously accessing data and devices on a local network?

• Install a software firewall on every network device
• Place all IoT devices that have access to the Internet on an isolated network
• Disconnect all IoT devices from the Internet
• Set the security settings of workstation web browsers to a higher level

50. What name is given to the emerging threat that hides on a computer or mobile device and uses that machine’s resources to mine cryptocurrencies?

• Phishing
• Bluejacking
• Cryptoransomware
• Cryptojacking

51. A port scan returns an ‘open’ response. What does this mean?

• A service is listening on the port
• Connections to the port will be denied
• There was no reply from the host

52. An employee is at a restaurant with friends and tells them about an exciting new video game that is under development at the organization they work for. Is this employee’s behavior ethical or unethical?

• Ethical
• Unethical

53. ‘An advanced persistent threat (APT) is usually well funded.’ Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

54. In networking, what name is given to the identifier at both ends of a transmission to ensure that the right data is passed to the correct application?

• IP address
• Port number
• MAC address
• Sequence number

55. ‘An employee does something as an organization representative with the knowledge of that organization and this action is deemed illegal. The organization is legally responsible for this action.’ Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

56. What tool is used to lure an attacker so that an administrator can capture, log and analyze the behavior of the attack?

• NetFlow
• Honeypot
• IDS
• Nmap

57. ‘A data breach does not impact the reputation of an organization.’ Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

58. Which of the following certifications is aimed at high school and early college students, as well as anyone interested in a career change?

• CompTIA Security+
• Microsoft Technology Associate Security Fundamentals
• ISACA CSX Cybersecurity Fundamentals
• ISC2 Certified Information Systems Security Professional
• EC Council Certified Ethical Hacker
• Palo Alto Networks Certified Cybersecurity Associate

59. Which of the following firewalls filters traffic based on source and destination data ports and filtering based on connection states?

• Network address translation firewall
• Network layer firewall
• Transport layer firewall
• Application layer firewall
• Host-based firewall

60. Which of the following are categories of security measures or controls? (Choose three correct answers)

• Firewalls
• Guards
• Camera
• Policy and procedure
• Technology
• Awareness, training and education

61. ‘A botnet can have tens of thousands of bots, or even hundreds of thousands.’ Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

62. For what purpose would a network administrator use the Nmap tool?

• To protect the private IP addresses of internal hosts
• To identify specific network anomalies
• To detect and identify open ports
• To collect and analyze security alerts and logs

63. Which of the following certifications does not expire or require periodic recertification and is geared towards post-secondary graduates and those interested in a career change?

• EC Council Certified Ethical Hacker
• ISACA CSX Cybersecurity Fundamentals
• CompTIA Security+
• Palo Alto Networks Certified Cybersecurity Associate
• ISC2 Certified Information Systems Security Professional
• Microsoft Technology Associate Security Fundamentals

64. What type of attack uses zombies?

• Spear phishing
• Trojan horse
• DDoS
• SEO poisoning

65. What is the purpose of a backdoor?

• To enable software vendors to update software
• For government access
• To gain unauthorized access to a system without normal authentication procedures
• To allow developers to debug software

66. Which of the following firewalls filters ports and system service calls on a single computer operating system?

• Network address translation firewall
• Transport layer firewall
• Host-based firewall
• Network layer firewall
• Application layer firewall

67. What type of attack disrupts services by overwhelming network devices with bogus traffic?

• DDoS
• Zero-day
• Brute force
• Port scans

68. ‘Cryptocurrencies are handled on a centralized exchange.’ Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False

69. Several @Apollo employees have reported that the network access is slow. After investigation, the network administrator has learned that one employee downloaded a third-party scanning program for the printer. What type of malware might have been introduced that is causing slow performance of the network?

• Spam
• Phishing
• Worm
• Virus

70. What is an example of cyber kill chain?

• a planned process of cyber attack

71. An organization’s process of identifying and assessing risk with the goal of reducing these threats to an acceptable level is known as what?

• Business continuity
• Disaster recovery
• Risk management
• Vulnerability scanning

72. An employee is laid off after fifteen years with the same organization. The employee is then hired by another organization within a week. In the new organization, the employee shares documents and ideas for products that the employee proposed at the original organization.
Is the employee’s behavior ethical or unethical?

• Ethical
• Unethical

73. Which stage of the kill chain used by attackers focuses on the identification and selection of targets?

• delivery
• exploitation
• weaponization
• reconnaissance

74. An employee does something as a company representative with the knowledge of that company and this action is deemed illegal. The company would be legally responsible for this action. Is this statement true or false?

• True
• False?

75. Which term describes the private browser mode for Google Chrome?

• Private tab
• Private browsing
• Incognito
• InPrivate

76. What type of infiltration method allows attackers to quietly capture two-step verification SMS messages sent to users in a Man-in-the-Mobile (MITMO) attack?

• Pretexting
• Botnet
• Dos
• On-Path attack

77. A web server administrator is configuring access settings to require users to authenticate first before accessing certain web pages. Which requirement of information security is addressed through the configuration?

• availability
• integrity
• scalability
• confidentiality