15.8.2 Module Quiz Answers - CCNA 200-301 Exam v1.1 Supplemental Module
1. Match the network technology to the correct evolution order from earliest (first) to most recent development (fifth).
Explanation:
| ARPANET | First |
| Original Local Area Networks | Second |
| Switching and Routing | Third |
| VMs and Cloud Computing | Fourth |
| Software-Designed Networking | Fifth |
2. What are four examples of tools or applications that play crucial roles in realizing the potential of AI and IBN-driven networks? (Choose four.)
- RESTCONF
- NETCONF
- Deep Blue
- Python
- AlphaZero
- Google Gemini
- DALL-E
- Ansible
Explanation: Tools like Python (Netmiko and NAPALM), Ansible, Terraform, NETCONF, and RESTCONF play crucial roles in realizing the potential of AI and IBN-driven networks. Using these tools, network engineers can implement the detailed, dynamic configurations necessary to achieve the sophisticated network behaviors that IBN and AI envision.
3. Which AI model makes the AI process and decisions clear and understandable to the user?
- UAI
- XAI
- BlackBox AI
- Predictive AI
Explanation: Explainable AI (XAI) models aim to make AI processes and decisions clear and understandable to humans. It ensures transparency and trust in AI decisions, allowing professionals to understand and validate the AI's reasoning.
4. What is the main purpose of AI in a network management environment?
- AI reduces the need for networking and planning professionals.
- AI streamlines configuration, management, and maintains and troubleshoots network issues.
- AI purchases required hardware based on statistical analysis and budget.
- AI makes and approves strategic planning decisions.
Explanation: In Network Management, AI automates critical functions to enhance efficiency and reduce human error. It aids in network planning by predicting future demands, streamlines configuration and management, and proactively maintains and troubleshoots network issues.
5. Which AI application can assist in the configuration and troubleshooting of networks?
- AlphaZero
- ChatGPT
- BlackBox AI
- Deep Blue
Explanation: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini or another generative AI LLM are tools that can help configure and troubleshoot networks.
6. A router in a remote branch office requires some updates and modifications. Which two applications are the best for the manager to use to make the changes? (Choose two.)
- Console Port
- Telnet
- SSH
- HTTPS
- BlackBox AI
Explanation: HTTPS ensures that sensitive information, such as login credentials and configuration settings, remains confidential and cannot be intercepted by unauthorized parties.
SSH is widely used for remote administration of network devices due to its strong security features, including public-key authentication and data integrity verification.
7. To configure a Cisco router with full administrative privileges, a network administrator entered the following commands:
R1(config)# username admin privilege 0 secret cisco123
R1(config)# no ip http server
R1(config)# ip http secure-server
R1(config)# ip http authentication local
R1(config)# access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
R1(config)# ip http access-class ipv4 10
What configuration error did the administrator make?
- The http authentication should be remote.
- The http secure server should have been removed as well as the http server.
- The level for full privileges is entered incorrectly.
- There is no error, the configuration will work as required.
Explanation: To access all WebUI features, users must have a privilege level of 15. IOS defines two privilege levels by default: 0 (user mode) and 15 (privileged mode). Users with privilege 15 can use the CLI configuration mode, install software, erase configurations, and reload the router.
8. Which technique or application was designed to manage networking devices on a per-device basis?
- WebUI
- Meraki Dashboard
- OOB Management
- Catalyst Center
Explanation: WebUI provides basic features on a per-device basis. While it can be useful for a network technician in the field using their smartphone, it's limited in scope and functionality.
Cisco Catalyst Center and Cisco Meraki Dashboard not only support all available features of WebUI, but also allow for centralized management of multiple devices through a single user interface.
OOB management is generally suitable for large enterprise networks, providing high security and mitigating the risk of insecure management protocols on the production network.
9. A network manager is responsible for finding a cloud-based solution for managing small to medium-sized or distributed networks. What solution should the manager select?
- Cisco Meraki Dashboard
- Inbound Management
- WebUI
- Cisco Catalyst Control
Explanation: Meraki Dashboard is a better choice for managing a straightforward, cloud-based solution for small to medium-sized or distributed networks. Catalyst Center works well for managing a large enterprise network that needs comprehensive control and advanced features with on-premises deployment.
10. In May 2023, what are two critical reasons that AI researchers and Top Executives signed a "Statement of AI Risks"? (Choose two.)
- To highlight the devastating potential risks of unregulated AI technologies to humanity.
- To call for governance to ensure that AI developments do not pose serious threats to mankind.
- To propose that AI training data is both historic and recent.
- To ensure that AI systems use Unsupervised Learning to embrace diversity.
- To ensure that no workers lose their jobs or are affected adversely due to the involvement of AI.
Explanation: The 23-word statement, signed in May 2023, by prominent AI researchers and Business CEOs, highlights the devastating risks of unregulated AI technologies to humanity and urges policymakers to recognize and mitigate these dangers. The coalition calls for comprehensive governance and oversight to ensure AI developments do not pose serious threats to humanity, emphasizing the need for ethical frameworks and regulatory measures.
11. Match the different learning methods of Al with a description.
Explanation: Place the options in the following order:
| Reinforcement Learning | An AI system learns a game using a reward function that gives positive values for winning and negative values for losing. |
| Hallucination | ChatGPT produces incorrect or misleading information because the model relies on patterns in its training data rather than on factual accuracy. |
| Supervised Learning | Predicting security threats by training AI systems with datasets that have already been tagged with outcomes. |
| Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) | This method ensures that the responses to an inquiry are based on real-world information from retrieved documents improving factual accuracy. |
| Unsupervised Learning | A streaming service captures the video habits of its customers and recommends specific movies for them to watch next. |
12. A ChatGTP processes a customer request for help with a script. The script contains a harmful or risky portion of code. What is this scenario describing?
- Private GTP instance
- Injection attack
- GTP Security Attack
- Public GTP instance
Explanation: Injection attacks use the GTP model's capability to process and generate code, potentially leading to scenarios where dangerous commands are packaged as legitimate coding help requests.
13. Which statement describes the concept of Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?
- IaC is a concept that involves managing and provisioning IT infrastructure through machine-readable definition files.
- IaC is an automation tool that uses CLI commands to configure network devices.
- IaC enables WebUI interface to make network management tasks easily.
- IaC provides out-of-band network management solutions to IT administrators.
Explanation: Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a concept in modern IT that involves managing and provisioning infrastructure through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration commands (CLI commands) or tools.
14. What are two examples of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools? (Choose two.)
- Ansible
- Yet Another Markup Language (Yaml)
- playbook
- HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL)
- Terraform
Explanation: Both Ansible and Terraform are automation tools that implement the principles of Infrastructure as Code (IaC). Ansible uses YAML and Playbooks and Terraform uses HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL).
15. Match the essential components of Ansible architecture to the description.
Explanation: Place the options in the following order:
| Inventories | They list the devices to be managed, including the IP addresses and connection details. |
| Modules | They are the building blocks of tasks providing specific functions like executing commands or configuring interfaces on Cisco IOS devices. |
| Playbooks | Written in YAML, they define a series of tasks to automate, such as configuring a network device. It consists of an implicit loop over the mapped hosts and tasks and defines how to iterate over them. |
16. A network administrator is considering a computer system to support a native installation of Ansible. Which two options are available for the administrator? (Choose two.)
- Linux
- macOS
- Windows 11 Pro
- Window Server 2019
- Windows 10 Enterprise
Explanation: A Linux or macOS system is required to install and get support for Ansible. Ansible cannot run on a Windows host natively, though it can run under the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). The Windows Subsystem for Linux is not supported by Ansible and should not be used for production systems.
17. Which Ansible module can a network administrator use to monitor Cisco IOS devices?
- ios_facts
- ios_config
- ios_logging
- iso_command
Explanation: Some common Ansible modules for Cisco IOS include:
- ios_command - used to execute arbitrary commands on Cisco IOS devices and return their output. For example, using the show command such as show ip interface brief.
- ios_config - used to send or push configuration commands to Cisco IOS devices. For example, configuring device settings such as interfaces, routing protocols, and access lists.
- ios_facts - used to gather facts about Cisco IOS devices such as the device’s current state and configuration.
- ios_logging - used to manage logging on network devices
18. What is a difference between Ansible and Terraform?
- Ansible uses SSH to directly access network devices while Terraform uses providers.
- Ansible uses SSH to directly access network devices while Terraform uses HTTP/HTTPS connections.
- Ansible uses plugins that interact with devices through the RSTCONF API while Terraform uses the NETCONF API.
- Ansible uses plugins that interact with network devices through APIs while Terraform uses HTTP/HTTPS connections.
Explanation: Ansible and Terraform are both IaC with different methods for managing infrastructure. Ansible uses SSH to directly access devices, making it ideal for configuration management on systems where SSH is the main interface. It executes commands and scripts directly on the target device. In contrast, Terraform uses providers, which are plugins that interact with devices through APIs like RESTCONF or NETCONF.
19. Which language is used by Terraform to translate Terraform configurations into commands?
- JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
- Extensible Markup Language (XML)
- Yet Another Markup Language (YAML)
- HashCorp Configuration Language (HCL)
Explanation: Terraform uses providers, which are plugins that interact with devices through APIs like RESTCONF or NETCONF. The Terraform provider translates Terraform configurations written in HashCorp Configuration Language (HCL) into commands that specific technologies, like a Cisco router or a cloud service, can understand and execute.
20. Which terraform command will download the necessary provider plugins specified in the file?
- terraform plan
- terraform init
- terraform show
- terraform apply
Explanation: Terraform commands include:
- terraform init - initializes the Terraform working directory. It downloads the necessary provider plugins specified in the file
- terraform plan - creates an execution plan specifying what actions Terraform will take to achieve the desired state defined in the configuration file.
- terraform apply - applies the changes required to reach the desired state of the configuration.
21. Which terraform command creates an execution plan specifying what actions Terraform will take to achieve the desired state defined in the configuration file?
- terraform init
- terraform plan
- terraform apply
- terraform show
Explanation: Terraform commands include:
- terraform init - Initializes the Terraform working directory and downloads the necessary provider plugins specified in the file.
- terraform plan - Creates an execution plan specifying what actions Terraform will take to achieve the desired state defined in the configuration file.
- terraform apply - Applies the changes required to reach the desired state of the configuration.
- terraform show - Provides human-readable output from a state or plan file.
22. Match network management tools or protocols to the description.
Explanation: Place the options in the following order:
| Ansible | An automation platform that uses YAML for its playbook scripts |
| Python | A programming language widely used for scripting automation tasks |
| RESTCONF/NETCONF | Network configuration tools that allow direct interaction with network devices |
| Terraform | An infrastructure as code tool that manages the lifecycle of IT and network resources through files in HCL |
23. Which two best practices should be considered when using RESTful services? (Choose two.)
- use HTTPS
- compact the URI length
- encrypt the URI resource link
- require VPN to be established
- implement strong authentication
Explanation: REST is an important software architecture for designing network APIs. It sets the rules and constraints for these APIs using existing web technologies and protocols. RESTful APIs use the REST architecture to communicate over HTTP with standard methods. However, the convenience of RESTful services comes with a need for security. REST authentication is crucial for protecting sensitive data and ensuring only authorized users can access or modify resources. In addition, REST-based authentication methods should always use HTTPS to prevent credentials from being intercepted.
24. Which HTTP client/server method is used when a user sends a basic authentication request to a website using the RESTful API?
- PUT
- GET
- POST
- UPDATE
Explanation: RESTful APIs use the REST architecture to communicate over HTTP with standard methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. A user sends a GET request to a basic authentication protected web-server to authenticate the user credentials.
25. What is a difference between access token and basic authentication in REST-based authentication processes?
- Basic authentication reduces the risk of exposing credentials compared with access token authentication.
- Basic authentication offers enhanced security, flexibility, and ease of integration compared with access token authentication.
- Basic authentication requires a user to provide credentials in every request while an access token can be used for multiple API calls.
- A user can create their own authentication credentials in basic authentication while an access token must be assigned by a web server administrator.
Explanation: Advantages of Access Tokens Over Basic Authentication include:
- Security - Tokens reduce the risk of exposing credentials (like username and password) in every request. They can be scoped to limit access and can be revoked if compromised.
- Convenience - Once a token is generated, it can be used for multiple API calls without having to authenticate each time.
- Control - Multiple tokens can be generated for different purposes or applications, each with its own set of permissions.
Access token authentication offers enhanced security, scalability, flexibility, and ease of integration, making it a preferred choice for secure and efficient access to APIs and services.
26. A user sends a request to the OpenWeather site to check the weather information in London using the following URI:
https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=London&units=metric&appid=9a10ec35316896f84397ab36ac05e6cd
What type of API authentication is used?
- basic authentication
- OAuth authentication
- API key authentication
- access token authentication
Explanation: API key authentication is a simple and effective method for securing RESTful APIs. A unique identifier known as an API key is issued to a client. This key acts as a secret token that identifies the client making the request, allowing the server to determine if the request is authorized. The API key is used in headers, query parameters, or the body of HTTP requests to authenticate access to the API. In this example, the API key 9a10ec35316896f84397ab36ac05e6cd is included in the query component of the request URI. Note, the API key shown is only for example purpose.
27. Which authentication solution would allow users to access third-party applications and web services using their existing credentials at Google or Facebook sites?
- basic authentication
- API key authentication
- OAuth 2.0 authentication
- access token authentication
Explanation: OAuth is a secure protocol that allows third-party applications to access a user's resources without exposing their credentials. OAuth 2.0 lets users access different applications and web services using existing credentials from providers like Google or Facebook. It uses access tokens issued after an initial authentication process.
28. What characteristic describes AI?
- Enables machines to learn only from programmed data.
- Simulates human intelligence using computer systems.
- Resolves safety and privacy issues by using human-prepared rules and decision trees.
- Requires large, fixed datasets as input to all AI systems.
Explanation: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an umbrella term that can be explained as the simulation of human intelligence by computer systems. This includes understanding language, recognizing patterns, solving complex problems, and learning from experience.
29. A phone's keyboard app suggests the next word that might be typed while composing a message. This is an example of what form of AI?
- Neural Networks
- Descriptive AI
- Generative AI
- Predictive AI
Explanation: Your phone's keyboard app uses Smartphone Predictive Text to suggest the next word you might type while composing a message.
30. What is the importance of prompt engineering when working with generative AI?
- It generates highly realistic video and audio recordings, making it appear as if individuals are saying or doing things they never actually did.
- It analyzes data to describe what is happening or has happened.
- It involves crafting specific and strategic input prompts to optimize the AI's output.
- It enhances search capabilities by understanding and generating information across multiple modalities.
Explanation: Prompt engineering involves crafting specific and strategic input prompts to optimize the AI's output. Just as a clear question can lead to a more precise answer, well-designed prompts help generative AI models understand and respond accurately to the task at hand.
Google's MUM (Multitask Unified Model) are designed to enhance search capabilities by understanding and generating information across multiple modalities, including text, images, and potentially other data types like audio and video.
DeepFake Technology generates highly realistic video and audio recordings, making it appear as if individuals are saying or doing things they never actually did.
Descriptive AI analyzes data to describe what is happening or has happened. It focuses on understanding past and present data to provide insights and a clear picture of current or historical events.
31. Match the AI term to its description.
Explanation: Place the options in the following order:
| Discriminative AI | Determines the probability that an observation belongs to a given label. |
| Narrow AI | Excelling in their designated tasks but lacking broader understanding, adaptability, or general problem solving skills. |
| Neural Network | Consists of interconnected layers of nodes inspired by the human brain |
| Generative AI | Creates new content based on patterns and knowledge learned from large datasets. |
32. Which three applications use Narrow AI? (Choose three.)
- Google Translate
- Netflix
- Spotify
- Google Deepmind
- Google Gemini
- ChatGPT
Explanation: Google Translate, Alexa, Google Assistant, Netflix, and Spotify are all examples of the use of Narrow AI.
33. What is the main purpose of Generative AI platforms like OpenAI ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Anthropic Claude?
- Recommend movies from a playlist.
- Win chess games using vast databases of chess strategies.
- Compose responses to user prompts.
- Recognition of images, spam detection, and opinion analysis in text.
Explanation: Generative AI platforms like OpenAI ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Anthropic Claude compose responses to user prompts. These models can produce a wide variety of content, including stories, images, articles, code, and even poetry, making them powerful tools for generative tasks in natural language processing.
34. How do Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning interact?
- Artificial Intelligence is a subset of Machine Learning.
- Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence.
- Artificial Intelligence always works with Machine Learning.
- Artificial Intelligence enables machines to mimic intelligent human behavior while Machine Learning requires programmed data to learn.
Explanation: Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI. ML enables machines to mimic intelligent human behavior by learning from data without being explicitly programmed. AI can exist without ML.
