Network Security (Version1.0) Modules 1 – 4: Securing Networks Group Test Online

Hint

There are three steps to configure SSH support on a Cisco router:

• Step 1: Configure a hostname.
• Step 2: Configure a domain name.
• Step 3: Generate crypto keys.

Hint

The correct syntax is RouterA(config)# login block-for (number of seconds) attempts (number of attempts) within (number of seconds).

Hint

Configuring a router with maximum available memory allows support for the widest range of security services and can help to protect against certain DoS attacks. Secure copies of router operating system images and configuration files provide backups needed for device recovery. Installing a UPS device provides physical security for networking devices but does not affect the security of their operating systems. Disabling unnecessary ports and services is part of the process of router hardening, and does not specifically involve the router operating system.

Hint

Access to the VTY and console interfaces can be restricted using passwords. Out-of-band management of the router can be restricted in both user EXEC and privileged EXEC modes.

Hint

The startup-config and running-config files display most passwords in plaintext. Use the service password-encryption global config command to encrypt all plaintext passwords in these files.

Hint

Executive timeouts allow the Cisco device to automatically disconnect users after they have been idle for the specified time. Console, vty, and aux ports can be configured with executive timeouts.

Hint

Mobile device management (MDM) software is used with mobile devices so that corporate IT personnel can track the devices, implement security settings, as well as control software configurations.

Hint

Management plane processes typically use protocols such as Telnet and SSH. Role-based access control ensures that only authorized users have management privileges. ACLs perform packet filtering and antispoofing functions on the data plane to secure packets generated by users. Routing protocol authentication on the control plane ensures that a router does not accept false routing updates from neighbor routers.

Hint

The implementation of an access list may provide extra security by permitting denying a flow of traffic, but it will not provide a direct response to limit the success of the attack. The implementation of a firewall on the network edge may prevent reconnaissance attacks from the Internet, but attacks within the local network are not prevented. By implementing restrictions on the sending of ICMP echo-reply messages within a local network, devices may not respond to ping messages, but port scans are not prevented and clear-text data sent on the network are still vulnerable. The best security measure is to encrypt as much network traffic as possible, both user data and network management traffic.

Hint

• The following methods are used by hackers to avoid detection:Encryption and tunneling – hide or scramble the malware content
• Resource exhaustion – keep the host device too busy to detect the invasion
• Traffic fragmentation – split the malware into multiple packets
• Protocol-level misinterpretation – sneak by the firewall
• Pivot – use a compromised network device to attempt access to another device
• Rootkit – allow the hacker to avoid detection as well as hide software installed by the hacker

Hint

The man-in-the-middle attack is a common IP-related attack where threat actors position themselves between a source and destination to transparently monitor, capture, and control the communication.

Hint

White hat attackers break into networks or computer systems in order to discover weaknesses for the purpose of improving the security of these systems. These break-ins are done with permission from the owner or the organization. Any results are reported back to the owner or the organization.

Hint

Common symptoms of computers infected with malware:

• Appearance of files, applications, or desktop icons
• Security tools such as antivirus software or firewalls turned off or changed
• System crashes
• Emails spontaneously sent to others
• Modified or missing files
• Slow system or browser response
• Unfamiliar processes or services running
• Unknown TCP or UDP ports open
• Connections made to unknown remote devices

Hint

A Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) and Web Security Appliance (WSA) provide advanced threat defense, application visibility and control, reporting, and secure mobility to secure and control email and web traffic at within a campus area network (CAN). A wireless router is a common defense mechanism used in a SOHO. Exit sensors and a security trap are features used within a data center. A virtual security gateway is integrated into Cisco Nexus switches and is used for inter-virtual machine security.

Hint

Small Office and Home Office (SOHO) networks are typically protected using a consumer grade wireless router that includes both wired and wireless connections. WPA2 is commonly used for wireless encryption and port security is used to ensure non-company devices are not plugged into the wired network.

Hint

Data protection functions include PIN locking, encryption, and remote data wiping. In contrast, data loss prevention prevents authorized users from doing careless or malicious things with data important to the organization.

Hint

The phrase Instant On describes a potential threat to a VM when it is brought online after it has not been used for a period of time. Because it is offline for a while, it may have outdated security policies that deviate from the baseline security and can introduce security vulnerabilities.

Hint

There are three functional areas of the Cisco Network Foundation Protection (NFP) framework:

• Control plane: Responsible for routing functions. Consists of the traffic generated by network devices to operate the network.
• Management plane: Responsible for managing network devices.
• Data (Forwarding) plane: Responsible for forwarding user data.

Hint

Curriculum Reference: Module 1.1 This item is based on information contained in the presentation. Preventing users from accessing network resources is a denial of service attack. Being able to steal data from the network servers may be the objective after a reconnaissance attack gathers information about the target network and system. Redirecting data traffic so it can be monitored is a man-in-the middle attack.