IT Essentials v8 (ITE v6.0 + v7.0) A+ Cert Practice Exam 2 Test Online

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RAID 0+1 combines data striping and data mirroring. The minimum number of disks required for data striping is 2 and the minimum number of disks (or disk sets) for data mirroring is 2 as well.

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The virtual machines work separately from the host operating systems, even though they use the same system resources. The weaknesses and vulnerabilities from one virtual machine are not spread to other virtual machines or the host operating system.

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Power supplies contain high voltage, and only highly-trained technicians should attempt to repair them. A power supply can still hold dangerous levels of electricity even after being disconnected from the mains power.

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Before any service inside a computer is performed, the PC should be turned off and disconnected from any source of power to reduce the risk of shock.

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Chkdsk attempts to correct file structural errors. Format is used to prepare a storage deviceso that it may store data. System file checker (sfc) replaces corrupt operating system files. Remove directory (rd) is used to delete a directory from the file structure.

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Trying to fix a problem that is beyond the knowledge level of the technician may create additional problems.

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32-bit software can run on a 64-bit processor running a 64-bit operating system. 64-bit software can only run on a 64-bit processor running a 64-bit operating system.

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A 32-bit operating system can run on a x64 architecture, but it will not be able to use more than 4 GB of the system memory. A 64-bit OS includes features that provide additional security.

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When an upgrade from Vista to Windows 7 is being planned, the first step is to download and run the Windows 7 Upgrade advisor. It is not necessary in that situation to uninstall all programs or to upgrade the video card, as the requirements are the same for the two operating systems.

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Disabling background services, deleting registry keys, and partitioning the hard drive do not require rebooting a PC. It might be necessary to boot a computer from a USB drive in order to repair the system in some situations.

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The primary partition contains the operating system files and is usually the first partition. The OS uses the active partition to boot the computer. The extended partition normally uses the remaining free space on a hard drive or takes the place of a primary partition. A dynamic partition is the only type of partition that allows creating volumes spanning over more than one disk.

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The file system exFAT, also known as FAT64, is used to address some of the shortcoming of FAT32 and is mainly used for USB flash drives. CDFS is used for optical drives. FAT32 allows the storage of files up to 4 GB in size. NTFS allows the storage of files up to 16 TB in size.

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The administrator account is used to manage the computer and is very powerful. Best practices recommend that it be used only when it is needed to avoid accidentally performing significant changes to the system.

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During a Windows 8.1 installation the Administrator account is created automatically. All other accounts have to be created manually.

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Startup Repair will scan the hard drive and identify and fix any missing or corrupt OS files. WinRE options can also be accessed by booting from the installation media or a system repair disk.

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The Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE, but pronounced pixie) BIOS boot option is used to install an operating system from a remote network location.​

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A partition must be formatted with the NTFS file system in order to extend it by using the unallocated space on the disk. Once the partition has been extended, the disk type must be converted to a dynamic disk in order for the new partition to be accessible.

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When a dynamic disk is removed from another Windows PC and installed onto the current PC, the disk manager will note this and mark it as Foreign within the Disk Management utility.

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The file attributes are read-only, archive, hidden, and system. Details, security, and general are tabs on the file Properties applet.

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The hypervisor does not protect the hosting OS from malware. Neither does it allow sharing software across virtual machines. The hard drive of the supporting computer does not need to be partitioned to run virtual machines. The hypervisor creates and manages virtual machines on a host computer and allocates physical system resources to them.

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Windows Task Scheduler is a tool that helps scheduling repetitive tasks, such as backups, antivirus scans, and more.

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Firmware updates can make the hardware unusable if not performed correctly. Sometimes it is not possible to revert to the original firmware once the update has been performed because of how the changes are applied to the EPROM technology.

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Any change from a system restore is reversible. A restore point only contains information about the system and registry settings and therefore cannot be used to backup or recover data files.

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An infected computer that performs a system restore will save the virus or spyware along with the restore point. Therefore, system restore files must be deleted before the removal of malware.

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The Windows indexing service is used to speed up file searches. A slow search may be the result of either the index service not running or not indexing the correct location.

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Backing up important files is the first step in protecting existing data. After backing up, running chkdsk will allow the technician to determine if there are bad sectors on the hard drive, without losing any data.

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The functions of the listed commands are as follows: runas – runs a program or tool with different permissions rstrui – starts the System Restore utility gpresult – displays group policy settings gpupdate – refreshes group policy settings tasklist – displays currently running applications

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The functions of the listed commands are as follows: runas – runs a program or tool with different permissions rstrui – starts the System Restore utility gpresult – displays group policy settings gpupdate – refreshes group policy settings tasklist – displays currently running applications

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Disabling DHCP and assigning static IP addresses only to authorized devices will prevent unauthorized devices from automatically obtaining IP address information. Without the correct IP address information, the unauthorized devices will not be able to communicate over the network. Disabling DNS will result in all connected devices no longer automatically being able to communicate with network resources by name (IP addresses would have to be used.), but will not prevent unauthorized devices from connecting and enabling potentially malicious access from occurring. Subnetting the network will change the range of IP addresses used but not prevent unauthorized network access. Disabling SSID broadcasts is only applicable to wireless networks, not wired networks.

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The Alternate Configuration tab allows a device to have two IP configurations. One configuration might set the network card to DCHP using the General tab and then configure a static IP address for the home network using the Alternate Configuration tab.

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When Windows 7 PCs join a homegroup all user accounts on all the PCs are added to the homegroup. Windows 7 Starter and Windows 7 Home Basic PCs can join the homegroup but cannot be used to create a homegroup.

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The permission setting should have been Change or Full Control. The Read permission does not allow edited files to be saved.

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With measured service of the Cloud model, the resource usage can be easily monitored, controlled, reported, and billed to provide full visibility to both the Cloud service provider and customers.

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Remote wipe is a security feature that remotely clears the device of all user data to prevent it from being maliciously compromised. Remote lock and the user passcode lock features on mobile devices can help prevent theft of private information but the data remains on the device and may be accessed if the passcode is ever broken. Sandbox describes the running of mobile apps separate from the operating system.

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Both Apple and Google release their own software development kits (SDKs) that allow developers to create apps for iOS and Android mobile devices. Developers can run the SDK and create apps on a simulator. SLA is an agreement between a service provider and customers.

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Trojan horses disguise themselves as legitimate programs. Worms replicate themselves across a network. Adware may attach to a legitimate program, but does not disguise itself. Spyware monitors the activities of a user.

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The source of the problem cannot be a virus because in this situation the server is passive and at the receiving end of the attack. A replay attack uses intercepted and recorded data in an attempt to gain access to an unauthorized server. This type of attack does not involve multiple computers. The issue is not the bandwidth available, but the number of TCP connections taking place. Receiving a large number of connections from multiple locations is the main symptom of a distributed denial of service attack which use botnets or zombie computers.

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Rootkits target a known vulnerability to gain administrator-level access. This gives the rootkit the ability to hide itself. Trojans, worms, and spyware do not gain administrator level access.

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Phishing is a form of attack that starts with the attacker pretending to be a legitimate entity and then tries to gather information that can be used to conduct the exploit.

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Social engineering is when a person attempts to manipulate another individual to gain access to information or resources to which they are not entitled.

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Asking for IDs and escorting visitors are effective ways to prevent social engineering. Users should never keep their passwords in the work area. Eliminating customers is not always practical for business purposes.

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Data wiping the hard drives with software that will securely erase all data will ensure that company data cannot later be accessed. This may be time consuming but for a small number of computers this is more cost-effective than the expense of degaussing. Deleting all the files and directories on the hard drives or performing a high-level format on each drive will leave the computers vulnerable to having the company data recovered by specific forensic software. Drilling holes in the hard drive platters would mean that the computers are no longer in working condition.

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Linux Shell Script is .sh Linux Shell Script uses a file extension of .sh. Windows Batch File uses a file extension of .bat. PowerShell uses a file extension of .ps1. Python uses a file extension of .py. JavaScript uses a file extension of .js. VBScript uses a file extension of .vbs.

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The certification objectives list the words “swap file system” as a term to be defined as it relates to the Linux file system. Swap space, swap file, or swap partition are other words for describing hard drive space that is used when the system needs more memory than there is RAM.

• supports increased file sizes –> ext4
• minimizes file corruption risk in the event of power loss –> journaling
• provides hard drive space that holds inactive RAM content –> swap file system
• stores information about how the file system is organized –> MBR

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Persistent data is data stored on an internal or external hard drive, or an optical drive. Data is preserved when the computer is turned off.

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Fingerprint readers, retina scanners, and voice recognition are all biometric devices, comparing physical characteristics of the user to stored data to authenticate the user. Smart cards, key fobs, and passwords are all security measures, but do not rely on biometrics.

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Strong passwords should be at least eight characters, and should include upper and lower case letters, numbers, and symbols. Although passwords should be changed regularly as specified in the local security policy, the amount of time between changes has no effect on the creation of strong passwords. Limiting a password to only symbols, or to only numbers and upper case letters, does not provide the strongest password possible.

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Angry customers should be allowed to explain the problem, then be redirected to discussing how the problem can be solved. Transferring the customer, replying in a rude tone, and asking unrelated questions will usually increase, not ease, the anger being expressed by the customer.

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The initial reason for accessing the computer, the suspected illegal matter or operations, and the location of the computer are immediately apparent to the technician and should be among the first details documented. Details of past computer users and the duration of the illegal activity are matters that the appropriate investigators will determine. The technical specifications of the computer may have little relevance to its illegal use.

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Level two technicians are primarily tasked with receiving and working on escalated work orders. Their tasks involve using remote access software to connect to the computer of a customer to perform maintenance and fixes.

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The SSID is used to identify the wireless LAN and should not be considered a method for securing the WLAN. WEP encryption is weak and prone to attacks with wireless hacking tools. WEP should not be used and has been replaced by the much more secure WPA2 protocol. MAC address filtering can ensure that only authorized devices can be associated with the wireless router.

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A mobile user may experience weak or dropped signal issues if there are not enough cell towers surrounding the area or the location is not covered well by the carrier.

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Three factors contribute to a successful pairing between a Bluetooth capable host (the smartphone in this case) and a Bluetooth device (the headset):

• The Bluetooth device is turned on.
• The pin code is entered correctly.
• The Bluetooth connection is enabled on the mobile device.

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The Remote Desktop protocol (RDP) is used to remotely access a Windows OS. It is a client/server protocol.The port number for RDP is TCP port 3389 and it uses encryption.

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The World Wide Web (HTTP) protocol uses port 80; port 23 is used by Telnet. Successful pings to other devices indicate that the network interface card is working correctly. BIOS and CMOS settings control system hardware functions, not network applications such as the World Wide Web.

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Close-ended questions generally have a fixed or limited set of possible responses, such as “yes” or “no”. Open-ended questions imply no limited or fixed set of replies but rather generally prompt the responder to provide more meaningful feedback.

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As part of the fifth step of the troubleshooting process, technicians should apply preventive measures whenever possible. Most company security policies include a section on password complexity and length requirements. Ensuring that this policy is being enforced can help prevent attackers from being able to compromise systems through password cracking.

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UAC is used to change user account settings while converting the file system to FAT16 and updating the driver for the graphics card will not resolve the issue. Compatibility mode in Windows 7 allows for the running of a program created for previous versions of the Windows environment.

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The C:\users folder contains all the user profiles. The C:\Application Data folder contains application data related to all users. The 32 bit program files are located in the C:\Program Files(x86) folder while 64 bit program files are located in the C:\Program Files folder.

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Regardless of the levels of security configured on a WLAN, a WPA secured WLAN always requires the use of an encryption key. Without the proper key, a device cannot connect to the network.

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Limiting a certain set of MAC addresses to connect to an access point is a way to ensure that only those devices are allowed to use the wireless network. A software firewall is used to prevent other users from gaining access to the protected computer. Configuring WPA encryption does not guarantee that the unauthorized user will not find the way to connect to the network. A proxy server is mostly used to filter traffic based on content.

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Disabling SSID broadcast prevents the access point from announcing the name of the network. Enabling WPA encryption, configuring DMZ settings, and configuring a DNS server will accomplish different tasks, but the name of the network will still be announced.

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File and Printer Sharing must be turned on in order to share a printer in Windows 7. Share this Printer is a setting in Windows XP. Sharing is a setting in Windows Vista. Windows Firewall is not required to be turned on in order to share a printer.

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Limiting access to files or folders that are needed to perform a specific job is known as the principle of least privilege. The other options do not exist.

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The first step is to disconnect the infected workstation from the network. This will quarantine the infected workstation and prevent the virus from spreading throughout the network.

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The first action a technician should do to secure a new wireless network is to change the default user-name and password of the wireless router. The next action would usually be to configure encryption. Then once the initial group of wireless hosts have connected to the network, MAC address filtering would be enabled and SSID broadcast disabled. This will prevent new unauthorized hosts from finding and connecting to the wireless network.

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The OS uses virtual memory when a computer does not have enough RAM available to run a program. Virtual memory moves data from RAM and places it in a paging file on the hard drive. A paging file is a place where data is stored until enough RAM is available to process the data. This process is much slower than accessing the RAM directly.

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Windows Remote Desktop and Remote Assistant allow an administrator to connect a local computer with a remote computer across the network and to interact with it as though it were the local computer. The administrator sees and can interact with the desktop of the remote computer. With Remote Desktop, the administrator logs onto the remote computer using an existing user account and starts a new user session. No user is required at the remoter computer to allow this access. With Remote Assistant, the purpose is for a technician to interact with a remote computer with the assistance of a remote user. The remote user must allow the remote access to the current user session and is able to observe what the technician is doing.

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Windows Remote Desktop allows a technician to log in to a remote computer through an existing user account. The technician can run programs and view and manipulate files within the system of the remote computer.

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A VPN is used to form a secure tunnel across a public network. This technology allows users to communicate over an insecure network and yet keep data confidential. Changing the network location profile will modify firewall settings on a computer but not increase the confidentiality of data crossing a network. Modifying the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway will not change the confidentiality of data transmitting on a network.

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A call center technician must provide the level of support that is outlined in the SLA for that individual customer.

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A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is used to connect remote sites together securely over a public network.

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Restoring a device to factory defaults should only be done if either or both of the following have failed: restarting the device or turning the device off and powering it back on again.

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Use the Control Panel > Personalization > Screen Saver path to select a screen saver and enable the On resume, display logon screen option.​

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Enterprise software licenses enable many employees of an organization to use a software application, often without the need to register the individual installations. Personal software licenses are intended for personal use of the product. Most personal software licenses allow a user to run the software on only one PC. Open source licenses allow users to modify and share the source code of the software.

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The functions of different components of a Linux system are as follows:

• CLI – command-line interface, accepts user commands
• shell – a program that interprets the user commands and passes them to the OS
• kernel – manages CPU and RAM allocation to processes, system calls, and file systems
• application program – program for various applications

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The functions of listed CLI commands of Linux and OS X systems are as follows:

• ps – lists the process currently running in the system
• pwd – displays the name of the current directory
• sudo – runs a command as another user
• chmod – modifies file permissions

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A possible reason that an application does not install successfully is that the application is not compatible with Windows 7. An application does not register its service if it is not installed successfully. The chkdsk command is used to check and recover disk errors. The bootrec command is used to check and recover the MBR/GPT of a system.

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To prevent the problem, the antivirus software should be configured to scan removable media. Destroying the USB drive will prevent that device from spreading the virus to other computers, but will not prevent future transmission of viruses from USB drives. Windows Firewall is a useful tool, but it does not prevent the spread of viruses.

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WEP is the weakest encryption method. WPA, AES, and TKIP are considered enhancements to the WEP standard and therefore are more secure.

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It is always important to allow the customer to finish explaining the problem at hand. You should always be attentive and actively listen to the customer without interrupting and acknowledge the customer occasionally to affirm that you are actively listening to the customer.

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The utility Chkdsk in Windows can be used to check the integrity of files and folders on a hard drive by scanning the file system. It also checks the disk surface for physical errors and tries to fix the errors.

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These error messages indicate that the workstation cannot detect the hard drive as a bootable device. One possible cause is that the MBR/GPT on the hard drive is corrupted so that the workstation cannot locate a valid partition that holds the necessary codes to start booting.

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The bootrec command can be used to repair and troubleshoot MBR issues. The chkdsk command can be used to check the integrity of files and folders by scanning the hard disk surface for physical errors. The sfc command can be used to verify and replace important Windows system files.

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A new computer should have antivirus, or anti-spam filter for the email client, or anti-spam software installed to protect from spammers.

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When a mobile device is roaming among cells, the battery consumption is increased because the device needs to detect and negotiate with cell towers for connections. What the user experienced here is relative to the normal use. Thus, the issues of whether the device is fully charged and the condition of the battery charger are irrelevant.

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Many service carriers offer cloud-based storage for mobile devices to upload contents to the cloud service for backup purposes. However, if the user account to the cloud service is compromised, a hacker can access the contents freely.

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The health app uses the GPS receiver to track certain exercise activities, such as jogging and running. GPS service uses a lot of device resources to find and sync with satellites. The GPS receiver locks onto the signals sent from the satellites and constantly calculates its position relative to these satellites. After the position has been determined, the GPS receiver calculates other information, such as speed, time, and distance to a programmed destination. While the GPS receiver is working, a mobile device may appear slow in response to other apps.

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Booting the PC in Safe Mode will prevent most drivers and applications from loading into the system. These may include drivers and programs related to malware. Safe Mode allows the antivirus software to scan all areas of the disk.

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When a malware protection program detects that a computer is infected, it removes or quarantines the threat. However, the computer is most likely still at risk. The first step to remediating an infected computer is to remove the computer from the network to prevent other computers from becoming infected. The next step is to follow any incident response policies that are in place. The log files should be saved to a removable media for further analysis. Restarting an infected PC may destroy the evidence of infection.

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Once the System Restore service is turned on, a PC will create regular restore points. When the PC is infected with malware, the system restore points may contain infected files. Deleting all system restore points after the system has been remediated, prevents bringing infected files into the system when the System Restore service is needed.

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A new app may not have been designed properly and may not be compatible with the OS on an Android device. Because of this, the device may appear frozen.

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A possible solution to a reported missing or corrupt DLL is to restart the computer in Safe Mode and run sfc /scannow. Windows Startup Repair is used to solve Windows startup problems. Adjusting the program startup settings by using msconfig is applicable only to programs that start correctly. Drivers relate to hardware, not to programs.

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A script file is a simple text file used to automate processes and tasks on various operating systems. A “script” can be created by any common text editor.

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Reducing the transmitted radio power to a level that gives network coverage only within the company premises will enable authorized visitors to continue to connect to the guest network connect quickly and easily without assistance, but prevent connection from outside the premises. Enabling MAC address filtering, configuring WPA encryption, and disabling SSID broadcast will prevent unauthorized access to the network. However, these actions will also make it more difficult for visitors to connect when the requirement is for quick and easy access without assistance.

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When multifactor authentication is implemented, two or more different authentication methods are used. Multifactor authentication is often used when accessing online services. For example, when a user wants to access a service, an authenticator application sends a code called a one-time password (OTP) to the registered phone or email address of the user. The user must supply the correct account username and password plus the OTP code to authenticate.

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In the event that the downloaded update file is corrupted or a previously required update was not installed, the Windows Update process will fail.

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Use the Task Manager Performance tab to see a visual representation of CPU and RAM utilization. This is helpful in determining if more memory is needed. Use the Applications tab to halt an application that is not responding.

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ASR is used to recover the operating system when it is totally corrupt and will not boot. Regedit is a registry editor whereas Fixmbr and Fixboot are command line utilities that can be used to repair corrupt boot records. SFC is used to check the integrity of any system files that may have been corrupted and repair them.

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System File Checker will scan critical files of an operating system and replace corrupt files. Scandisk and Chkdsk check the integrity of files and folders on a hard drive. Optimize Drives optimizes space on a hard drive. Disk Cleanup will clear space on a hard drive by looking for files that can be deleted.

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Time Machine is the OS X backup tool. To verify whether the tool is turned on, access Settings > Time Machine.

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A virus infection could cause issues such as a file name change, one or more applications crashing, or files disappearing on a PC. The failing hard disk and lack of updates from the vendors should not cause the same issues for multiple applications. The Windows Firewall being off is not a direct cause of such issues.

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The security alert indicates that the antimalware software has detected a potential malware attack. There could be other malware attacks toward the PC. Therefore, the user should be proactive and run a thorough security scan to remove any malware that is found.

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When a mobile device is set to automatically connect to unknown Wi-Fi networks, the device will search and connect to any open access Wi-Fi networks.

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The basic data types used in a script include:

• int represents integers
• char represents characters
• float represents decimal numbers
• strings represent alphanumeric characters
• Bool represents true or false

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An infected computer that performs a system restore will save the virus or spyware along with the restore point. Therefore, system restore files must be deleted after the removal of malware.

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While working with customers both briefly and over an extended period of time, it is possible to form friendly relationships. It is important to always follow company policy and never send unsolicited messages to a customer. Also do not send unsolicited mass mailings or chain letters to customers from a company email address. Any personal relationships should be kept via personal email accounts and should not reflect the IT organization of the employer.

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In the event that the downloaded update file is corrupted or a previously required update was not installed, the Windows Update process will fail.

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Legacy devices may not support remote access sessions that require encryption. These devices may rely on using plain-text sessions provided by the Telnet protocol on TCP port 23.