DevNet Associate (Version 1.0) - Final Test Online

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Private clouds – Cloud-based applications and services offered in a private cloud are intended for a specific organization or entity, such as the government. A private cloud can be set up using the organization’s private network, though this can be expensive to build and maintain. A private cloud can also be managed by an outside organization with strict access security.

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You can use a read scenario to audit configurations and do the next natural step, which is to put the configuration back into compliance

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Layer 4 port numbers identify the application or service which will handle the data. The source port number is added by the sending device and will be the destination port number when the requested information is returned. Layer 4 segments are encapsulated within IP packets. UDP, not TCP, is used when low overhead is needed. A source IP address, not a TCP source port number, identifies the sending host on the network. Destination port numbers are specific ports that a server application or service monitors for requests.

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A criminal can insert a malicious SQL statement in an entry field on a website where the system does not filter the user input correctly.

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Network administrators typically view the IP addressing information on Windows hosts by issuing the ipconfig command, and on Linux and Mac hosts by issuing the ifconfig command. The networksetup -getinfo command is used on Mac hosts to verify IP settings. The ip address command is used on Linux hosts to display IP addresses and properties.

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A switch has the ability of creating temporary point-to-point connections between the directly-attached transmitting and receiving network devices. The two devices have full-bandwidth full-duplex connectivity during the transmission.

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The testing environment often includes automated testing tools such as Jenkins, CircleCI, or Travis CI, as well as integration with a version control system.

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VLANs create logical broadcast domains that can span multiple VLAN segments. Ethernet frames that are sent by a device on a specific VLAN can only be seen by other devices in the same VLAN.

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RESTCONF can be used to access data. The RESTCONF requests and responses can use either JSON or XML structured data formats.

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DevNet Learning Labs contain tutorials that cover engineering technologies, programming languages, and concepts such as model-driven programmability, REST APIs, Python, JavaScript, and Cisco platform instructions and exercises.

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Google was among the first companies to understand and institutionalize a new kind of hybrid Dev+Ops job description. This was the Site Reliability Engineer (SRE). The role of the SRE is intended to fuse the disciplines and skills of Dev and Ops, creating a new specialty and best-practices playbook for doing Ops with software methods.

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Ansible uses an inventory file called hosts that contains device information used by Ansible playbooks. The hosts file begins with an alias for the remote. After the alias, the hosts file specifies three variables that will be used by the Ansible playbook to access the device. These are the SSH credentials Ansible needs to securely access the remote host.

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When you’re developing and testing technology, you want a test bed where you can try out code within a realistic environment without affecting production systems. To do that, go to the DevNet Sandbox offering, where you can try out Cisco hardware and environments.

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A reverse proxy is similar to a regular proxy: however, while a regular proxy works to make requests from multiple computers look like they all come from the same client, a reverse proxy works to make sure responses look like they all come from the same server.

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Agile Methods: The Agile Manifesto by design, wasn’t precise about how Agile should work. After forging the Manifesto, its originators (and many others) kept evolving these ideas, absorbing new ideas from many sources, and testing them in practice. As a result, over the past few decades, many takes on Agile have emerged, and some have become widely popular.

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The first part, the repository, is usually the username of the account storing the image. Next is the image name, and then finally the optional tag. (Remember, if you do not specify it, it will come up as latest.)

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Most outages are caused by systems being misconfigured, commonly due to human error as manual changes are being made.

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YAML files conventionally open with three dashes ( — alone on a line) and end with three dots ( … also alone a line). YAML also accommodates the notion of multiple “documents” within a single physical file, in this case, separating each document with three dashes on its own line.

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The difference between methods and functions is that functions are standalone code blocks while methods are code blocks associated with an object, typically for object-oriented programming.

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Component1 = C1$c0 Component2 = password Component3 = token

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delete all previous demo rooms create a new demo room enroll Allan and Jane as members post a message to the new room

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Dashboard API – This a RESTful service for device provisioning, management, and monitoring. Webhook API – This is a real-time notification system for network alerts, covering events and network health.

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The data plane is the forwarding plane, which is responsible for the switching of packets in hardware, using information from the control plane. The data plane processes data in hardware.

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Orchestration may refer to several things. When meant concretely, it usually refers to user-built or platform-inherent automation aimed at managing workload lifecycles and reacting dynamically to changing conditions (e.g., by autoscaling or self-healing), particularly in container environments. When meant abstractly, it may refer to processes or workflows that link automation tasks to deliver business benefits, like self-service.

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Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used to synchronize the time across all devices on the network to make sure accurate timestamping on devices for managing, securing and troubleshooting. NTP networks use a hierarchical system of time sources. Each level in this hierarchical system is called a stratum. The stratum 1 devices are directly connected to the authoritative time sources.

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The translation of the IP addresses from 209.65.200.254 to 192.168.10.10 will take place when the reply comes back from the server.

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The traceroute command provides connectivity information about the path a packet takes to reach the destination and about every router (hop) along the way. It also indicates how long a packet takes to get from the source to each hop and back.

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CRUD is an acronym that stands for CREATE, READ, UPDATE, and DELETE. The HTTP functions that correspond to CRUD functions are as follows: GET -> READ POST -> CREATE PUT/PATCH -> UPDATE DELETE -> DELETE

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4xx – client error: Responses with a 4xx code means that the request contains an error, such as bad syntax or invalid input, which prevents the request from being completed. The client must take action to fix these issues before resending the request.

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In order to receive a notification from a webhook provider, the application must meet certain requirements: The application must be running at all times to receive HTTP POST requests. The application must register a URI on the webhook provider so that the provider knows where to send a notification when target events occur.

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Code 202: Request has been accepted for processing and is in process

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With waterfalls, the water flows in one direction only. With the waterfall method, the process goes in one direction, and can never go backwards. Think of it like a relay race where one runner has to finish their distance before handing the baton off to the next person, who is waiting for them. The baton always goes in a forward motion.

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The deployment phase takes the software from the testing phase as input. During the deployment phase, the software is installed into the production environment. If there are no deployment issues, the product manager works with the architects and qualified engineers to decide whether the software is ready to be released. At the end of the deployment phase, the final piece of software is released to customers and other end users.

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There are multiple ways to access xAPI including Telnet/SSH, HTTP, and RS-232 serial connection.

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Basic packet filtering firewalls can only filter based on Layer 3 and sometimes basic Layer 4 information. An application gateway firewall, or proxy firewall, can filter based on information in the upper layers such as the application layer. A NAT firewall can expand the number of available IP addresses on the network.

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Check the Enable Session Services check box to enable network access, posture, guest, and client provisioning services.

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Ansible communicates with remote machines over the SSH protocol. By default, Ansible uses native OpenSSH and connects to remote machines using your current user name, just as SSH does.

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These are the REST constraints:

• -Client/server
• -Stateless
• -Cache
• -Uniform interface
• -Layered system
• -Code on demand

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Dynamic NAT provides a dynamic mapping of inside local to inside global IP addresses. NAT is merely the one-to-one mapping of one address to another address without taking into account whether the address is public or private. DHCP is automatic assignment of IP addresses to hosts. DNS is mapping host names to IP addresses.

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By default, the NETCONF server on the device runs on TCP port 830 and uses the SSH process for transport. A NETCONF session can be established by using an SSH client and specifying port 830 when connecting to the device

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Fast-forward switching offers the lowest level of latency and it is the typical cut-through method of switching. Fragment-free switching can be viewed as a compromise between store-and-forward switching and fast-forward switching. Because fast-forward switching starts forwarding before the entire packet has been received, there may be times when packets are relayed with errors.

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Control Plane – The control plane of a network device processes the traffic that is required to maintain the functionality of the network infrastructure. The control plane consists of applications and protocols between network devices, such as routing protocols OSPF, BGP, and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). The control plane processes data in software.

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ISE (Cisco Identity Services Engine) provides a rule-based engine for enabling policy-based network access to users and devices. It enables you to enforce compliance and streamline user network access operations. With the ISE APIs, you can automate threat containment when a threat is detected. It integrates with existing identity deployments.

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retrieve the organizations retrieve the networks and the corresponding id retrieve the devices and corresponding device id

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Management Plane – The management plane manages traffic destined for the network device itself. Examples include Secure Shell (SSH) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).