Lab 4.5.1 – Observing TCP and UDP using Netstat (Answers)

Lab 4.5.1 – Observing TCP and UDP using Netstat (Answers)

Topology Diagram

Addressing Table

Learning Objectives

• Explain common netstat command parameters and outputs.
• Use netstat to examine protocol information on a pod host computer.

Background

netstat is an abbreviation for the network statistics utility, available on both Windows and Unix / Linux computers. Passing optional parameters with the command will change output information. netstat displays incoming and outgoing network connections (TCP and UDP), host computer routing table information, and interface statistics.

Scenario

In this lab the student will examine the netstat command on a pod host computer, and adjust netstat output options to analyze and understand TCP/IP Transport Layer protocol status.

Depending on the classroom situation, the lab topology may have been modified before this class. It is best to use one host to verify infrastructure connectivity. If the default web page cannot be accessed from eagle-server.example.com, troubleshoot end-to-end network connectivity:

1. Verify that all network equipment is powered on, and Eagle Server is on.

2. From a known good host computer, ping eagle-server.example.com. If the ping test fails, ping S1-Central, R2-Central, R1-ISP, and finally eagle-server. Take corrective action on devices that fail ping tests.

3. If an individual host computer cannot connect to Eagle Server, check the cable connection between the host and S1-Central. Verify that the host computer has the correct IP address, shown in the logical addressing table above, and can ping R2-Central, 172.16.255.254. Verify that the host computer has the correct Gateway IP address, 172.16.255.254, and can ping R1-ISP, 10.10.10.6. Finally, verify that the host has the correct DNS address, and can ping eagle-server.example.com.

Task 1: Explain common netstat command parameters and outputs.

Open a terminal window by clicking on Start | Run. Type cmd, and press OK.

To display help information about the netstat command, use the /? options, as shown:

C:\> netstat /? <ENTER>

Use the output of the netstat /? command as reference to fill in the appropriate option that best matches the description:

When netstat statistics are displayed for TCP connections, the TCP state is displayed. During the life of a TCP connection, the connection passes through a series of states. The following table is a summary of TCP states, compiled from RFC 793, Transmission Control Protocol, September, 1981, as reported by netstat:

IP addresses displayed by netstat fall into several categories:

Task 2: Use netstat to Examine Protocol Information on a Pod Host Computer.

Step 1: Use netstat to view existing connections.

From the terminal window in Task 1, above, issue the command netstat –a:

C:\> netstat –a ENTER

A table will be displayed that lists protocol (TCP and UDP), Local address, Foreign address, and State information. Addresses and protocols that can be translated into names are displayed.

The –n option forces netstat to display output in raw format. From the terminal window, issue the command netstat –an:

C:\> netstat –an ENTER

Use the window vertical scroll bar to go back and forth between the outputs of the two commands. Compare outputs, noting how well-known port numbers are changed to names.

Write down three TCP and three UDP connections from the netstat –a output, and the corresponding translated port numbers from the netstat –an output. If there are fewer than three connections that translate, note that in your table.

Answers will vary. Following is a list of several common services on a host computer:

Connection

Proto Local Address Foreign Address State

TCP   GW-desktop-hom:epmap    GW-desktop-hom:0        LISTENING

TCP   0.0.0.0:135             0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING

TCP   GW-desktop-hom:microsoft-ds GW-desktop-hom:0   LISTENING 

TCP   0.0.0.0:445             0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING

TCP   GW-desktop-hom:netbios-ssn GW-desktop-hom:0    LISTENING

TCP   192.168.254.1:139       0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING

UDP     GW-desktop-hom:ntp        *:*

UDP     192.168.254.1:123         *:*

UDP     GW-desktop-hom:netbios-ns *:*

UDP     192.168.254.1:137         *:* 

UDP     GW-desktop-hom:netbios-dgm *:*

UDP     192.168.254.1:138         *:*

Refer to the following netstat output. A new network engineer suspects that his host computer has been compromised by an outside attack against ports 1070 and 1071. How would you respond?

C:\> netstat –n
Active Connections
Proto  Local Address         Foreign Address     State
TCP    127.0.0.1:1070        127.0.0.1:1071      ESTABLISHED
TCP    127.0.0.1:1071        127.0.0.1:1070      ESTABLISHED
C:\>

Because the foreign address is 127.0.0.1, the host computer has made a TCP connection with itself.

Step 2: Establish multiple concurrent TCP connections and record netstat output.

In this task, several simultaneous connections will be made with Eagle Server. The venerable telnet command will be used to access Eagle Server network services, thus providing several protocols to examine with netstat.

Open an additional four terminal windows. Arrange the windows so that all are visible. The four terminal windows that will be used for telnet connections to Eagle Server can be relatively small, approximately ½ screen width by ¼ screen height. The terminal windows that will be used to collect connection information should be ½ screen width by full screen height.

Several network services on Eagle Server will respond to a telnet connection. We will use:

• DNS- domain name server, port 53
• FTP- FTP server, port 21
• SMTP- SMTP mail server, port 25
• TELNET- Telnet server, port 23

Why should telnet to UDP ports fail?
Telnet is a TCP protocol, and UDP cannot build the TCP session.

To close a telnet connection, press the <CTRL> ] keys together. That will bring up the telnet prompt, Microsoft Telnet>. Type quit <ENTER> to close the session.

In the first telnet terminal window, telnet to Eagle Server on port 53. In the second terminal window, telnet on port 21. In the third terminal window, telnet on port 25. In the fourth terminal window, telnet on port 23.

The command for a telnet connection on port 21 is shown below:

C:\> telnet eagle-server.example.com 53

In the large terminal window, record established connections with Eagle Server. Output should look similar to the following. If typing is slow, a connection may close before all connections have been made. Eventually, connections should terminate from inactivity.

Proto  Local Address          Foreign Address          State
TCP    192.168.254.1:1688     192.168.254.254:21       ESTABLISHED
TCP    192.168.254.1:1691     192.168.254.254:25       ESTABLISHED
TCP    192.168.254.1:1693     192.168.254.254:53       ESTABLISHED
TCP    192.168.254.1:1694     192.168.254.254:23       ESTABLISHED

Task 3: Reflection.

The netstat utility displays incoming and outgoing network connections (TCP and UDP), host computer routing table information, and interface statistics.

Task 4: Challenge.

Close Established sessions abruptly (close the terminal window), and issue the netstat –an command. Try to view connections in stages different from ESTABLISHED.

Task 5: Cleanup.

Unless directed otherwise by the instructor, turn off power to the host computers. Remove anything that was brought into the lab, and leave the room ready for the next class.