CCNA 1 v6.0 Study Material – Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications

Chapter 3 – Sections & Objectives

  • 3.1 Rules of Communication
    • Describe the types of rules that are necessary to successfully communicate.
  • 3.2 Network Protocols and Standards
    • Explain why protocols are necessary in communication.
    • Explain the purpose of adhering to a protocol suite.
    • Explain the role of standards organizations in establishing protocols for network interoperability.
    • Explain how the TCP/IP model and the OSI model are used to facilitate standardization in the communication process.
  • 3.3 Data Transfer in the Network
    • Explain how data encapsulation allows data to be transported across the network.
    • Explain how local hosts access local resources on a network.

3.1 Rules of Communication

The Rules

  • Rule Establishment
    • Identified sender and receiver
    • Common language and grammar
    • Speed and timing of delivery
    • Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements
  • Message Encoding
    Process of converting information into another acceptable form
  • Message Formatting and Encapsulation
  • Message Size
  • Message Timing
    • Access method
    • Flow control
    • Response timeout
  • Message Delivery Options
    • Unicast
    • Multicast
    • Broadcast

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3.2 Network Protocols and Standards

Protocols

  • Rules that Govern Communications
  • Network Protocols
    • The role of protocols
    • How the message is formatted or structured
    • The process by which networking devices share information about pathways with other networks
    • How and when error and system messages are passed between devices
    • The setup and termination of data transfer sessions
  • Protocol Interaction
    Example: web server and client

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Protocol Suites

  • Protocol Suites and Industry Standards
    • TCP/IP is an open standard
    • Can you name other protocol suites?
  • TCP/IP Protocol Suites
    Can you name some of the protocols from the TCP/IP protocol suite.
  • TCP/IP Communication Process
    Can you describe the process?

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Standard Organizations

  • Open Standards
    Name some advantages of open standards
  • Internet Standards
    Name a few standard organizations
  • Electronics and Communications Standards Organizations
    Name a few organizations

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Reference Models

  • The Benefits of Using a Layered Model
    Name some benefits
  • The OSI Reference Model
    • Provides list of functions
    • Describes interactions between layers
  • OSI Model and TCP/IP Model Comparison
    • Similar: transport and network layers
    • Contrast: relationship between layers

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3.3 Data Transfer in the Network

Data Encapsulation

  • Message Segmentation
    • Segmentation – Break communication into pieces
    • Multiplexing – interleaving the pieces
  • Protocol Data Units
    What are PDUs called at each layer?
  • Encapsulation and de-encapsulation process

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Data Access

  • Network Addresses
    • Source IP address
    • Destination IP address
    • Deliver the IP packet from the original source to the final destination, either on the same network or to a remote network.
  • Data Link Addresses
  • Source data link address
  • Destination data link address
  • Deliver the data link frame from one network interface card (NIC) to another NIC on the same network
  • Devices on the Same Network
  • Devices on a Remote Network

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3.4 Chapter Summary

Summary

  • Explain how rules are used to facilitate communication.
  • Explain the role of protocols and standards organizations in facilitating interoperability in network communications.
  • Explain how devices on a LAN access resources in a small to medium-sized business network.

Section 3.1 New Terms and Commands

  • access method
  • acknowledgement
  • broadcast
  • decoder
  • encapsulation
  • encoder
  • flow control
  • message
  • message delivery options
  • message encoding
  • message formatting
  • message formatting and encapsulation

  • message size
  • message timing
  • multicast
  • protocols
  • receiver
  • response timeout
  • segmenting
  • transmission medium
  • transmitter
  • unacknowledged
  • unicast

Section 3.2 New Terms and Commands

  • Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
  • AppleTalk
  • application protocol
  • Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)
  • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
  • IEEE 802.3
  • IEEE 802.11
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

  • International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
  • Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
  • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
  • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
  • internet protocol
  • Internet Society (ISOC)
  • Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX)
  • Media Access Control (MAC)

  • network access protocols
  • network protocol suite
  • protocol model
  • protocol stack
  • proprietary protocol
  • reference model
  • Request for Comments (RFC)
  • standards organization
  • standards-based protocol
  • Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)
  • Transmission Control Protocol/IP (TCP/IP)
  • transport protocol

Section 3.3 New Terms and Commands

  • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
  • bits
  • data
  • data encapsulation
  • data link address
  • de-encapsulation
  • default gateway
  • destination data link address

  • destination IP address
  • frame
  • Multiplexing
  • network address
  • packet
  • protocol data unit (PDU)
  • source IP address
  • source data link address
  • Segment
  • segmentation

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