Networking Devices and Initial Configuration Course Final Test Online

Hint

Place the options in the following order:

intended for exclusive use by multiple organizations with shared functional needs	community
services made available to the general population	public cloud
made up of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures bound together by technology	hybrid cloud
intended for a specific organization or entity, such as the government	private cloud

Hint

Virtualization technology can run several different operating systems in parallel on a single CPU.

Hint

Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared resources. With minimal management effort, resources can be deployed quickly at data centers.

Hint

Voice and video data need to be transmitted in a continuous stream. If packets are delayed, the audio and video quality will be poor, sometimes even not usable. QoS can give voice and video data high priority during the data transmission so that they would be sent first before other types of traffic, such as email, web surfing, and web page update.

Hint

Usernames and passwords relate to network security. Good quality video, to support video conferencing, relates to prioritizing the video traffic with quality of service (QoS). The fact that a connection to an ISP failed and was then restored but went unnoticed by employees relates to the fault tolerant design of the network.

Hint

There are three layers of the hierarchical network design model. – Access: Provides a connection point to end users. – Distribution: Controls traffic flows between access and core layers. – Core: Maximizes throughput moving traffic as quickly as possible.

Hint

There are two types of hypervisors: – Type 1 – This type of hypervisor runs directly on the system hardware. – Type 2 – This type of hypervisor requires a host OS to run. Both types of hypervisors can run on regular computer systems and support multiple OS virtualizations.

Hint

As a packet traverses the network, the Layer 2 addresses will change at every hop as the packet is de-encapsulated and re-encapsulated, but the Layer 3 addresses will remain the same.

Hint

The IPv6 packet header fields are as follows: Version, Traffic Class, Flow Label, Payload Length, Next Header, Hop Limit, Source Address, and Destination Address. The IPv4 packet header fields include the following: Version, Differentiated Services, Time-to-Live, Protocol, Source IP Address, and Destination IP Address. Both versions have a 4-bit Version field. Both versions have a Source (IP) Address field. IPv4 addresses are 32 bits; IPv6 addresses are 128 bits. The Time-to-Live or TTL field in IPv4 is now called Hop Limit in IPv6, but this field serves the same purpose in both versions. The value in this 8-bit field decrements each time a packet passes through any router. When this value is 0, the packet is discarded and is not forwarded to any other router.

Hint

Place the options in the following order:

Traffic Class	8 bit field that is equivalent to the IPv4 Differenciated Services (DS) field.
Next Header	8 bit field that indicates the data payload type.
Flow Label	20 bit field that maintains the same packet flows through routers and switches to ensure that the packets arrive in the same order.
Payload Length	16 bit field that stipulates the length of the data portion of the IPv6 packet.
Hop Limit	8 bit field that is decremented by one for each router that fowards the packet.

Hint

Unlike IPv4, IPv6 routers do not perform fragmentation. Therefore, all three fields supporting fragmentation in the IPv4 header are removed and have no equivalent in the IPv6 header. These three fields are fragment offset, flag, and identification. IPv6 does support host packet fragmentation through the use of extension headers, which are not part of the IPv6 header.

Hint

Switch S1 builds a MAC address table based on the source MAC address in the frame and the port upon which the frame enters the switch. The PC2 MAC address will be associated with port FA0/2. Because port FA0/1 of switch S1 connects with another switch, port FA0/1 will receive frames from multiple different devices. The MAC address table on switch S1 will therefore contain MAC addresses associated with each of the sending PCs.

Hint

Options matched to the correct selection.

IP v4 header	IP v6 header
Flags	Traffic Class
Total Length	Flow Label

Hint

Each section (octet) contains eight binary digits. Each digit represents a specific value (128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1). Everywhere there is a 1, the specific value is relevant. Add all relevant values in a particular octet to obtain the decimal value. For example binary 11001011 equals 203 in decimal.

Hint

The result of ANDing any IP address with a subnet mask is a network number. If the source network number is the same as the destination network number, the data stays on the local network. If the destination network number is different, the packet is sent to the default gateway (the router that will send the packet onward toward the destination network).

Hint

In order to successfully send a packet on an Ethernet network, the computer sending the ping needs four key pieces of information: (1) source MAC address, (2) destination MAC address, (3) source IP address, and (4) destination IP address. The computer sending the ping knows its own source IP address and source MAC address. The computer also knows from the ping command the destination IP address. The only information not known is the destination MAC address. The destination MAC address is discovered by using ARP.

Hint

Because there are no sequence numbers in UDP segments, there is no possibility to arrange the datagrams in the correct order. Sessions and three-way handshake are related to TCP communications. UDP servers can use registered or nonregistered port numbers to listen to clients.

Hint

Place the options in the following order:

DHCPDISCOVER	a client initiating a message to find a DHCP server
DHCPOFFER	a DHCP server responding to the initial request by a client
DHCPREQUEST	the client accepting the IP address provided by the DHCP server
DHCPACK	the DHCP server confirming that the address lease has been accepted

Hint

The table that is shown corresponds to the output of the arp -a command, a command that is used on a Windows PC to display the ARP table.

Hint

The successful result of the ping to the IP address indicates that the network is operational and the web server is online. However, the fact that the ping to the domain name of the server fails indicates there is a DNS issue, namely that the host cannot resolve the domain name to its associated IP address.

Hint

Large numbers of ARP broadcast messages could cause momentary data communications delays. Network attackers could manipulate MAC address and IP address mappings in ARP messages with the intent to intercept network traffic. ARP requests and replies cause entries to be made into the ARP table, not the MAC address table. ARP table overflows are very unlikely. Manually configuring static ARP associations is a way to prevent, not facilitate, ARP poisoning and MAC address spoofing. Multiple ARP replies resulting in the switch MAC address table containing entries that match the MAC addresses of connected nodes and are associated with the relevant switch port are required for normal switch frame forwarding operations. It is not an ARP caused network problem.

Hint

Place the options in the following order:

step 3	ACK
step 1	SYN
step 2	SYN + ACK

Hint

Keywords are specific parameters that are defined in IOS. Arguments are not predefined; they are the variables defined by the user when completing a command. Although most keywords appear directly after commands, they can appear in other locations, depending on a command structure. A keyword can be entered in its whole length or in a shortened format.

Hint

The three commands needed to password protect the console port are as follows: – line console 0 – password cisco – login The interface fastethernet 0/0 command is commonly used to access the configuration mode used to apply specific parameters such as the IP address to the Fa0/0 port. The line vty 0 4 command is used to access the configuration mode for Telnet. The0and 4 parameters specify ports 0 through 4, or a maximum of five simultaneous Telnet connections. The enable secret command is used to apply a password used on the router to access the privileged mode.

Hint

To implement SSH on a router the following steps need to be performed: – Configure a unique hostname. – Configure the domain name of the network. – Configure a user account to use AAA or local database for authentication. – Generate RSA keys. – Enable VTY SSH sessions.

Hint

Traceroute (in this case the command tracert) sets the TTL field to a value of 1 and sends the packet. At each router hop, this value is decreased by one and a “TTL expired” message is sent back to the source host. This message has a source address which is used by the host to build the trace. The host then progressively increments the TTL field (2, 3, 4…) for each sequence of messages until the destination is reached or it is incremented to a predefined maximum. Because the executed command reached the destination in the 13th line, the TTL was increased up to the value of 13.

Hint

ICMP is used by IPv4 and IPv6 to provide for messages to be sent in the event of certain errors and for informational purposes.

Hint

A default gateway address is typically configured on all devices to allow them to communicate beyond just their local network.In a switch this is achieved using the command ip default-gateway <ip address>.

Hint

Place the options in the following order:

RouterA(config-line)#	configure vty lines
RouterA(config-if)#	configure a WAN interface
RouterA#	enter configuration mode
RouterA(config)#	add a password required to access the privileged EXEC mode

Hint

The show version command displays much information about the device, including the amount of memory (flash, NVRAM, and DRAM) that is installed on the device.

Hint

When a switch receives a frame with a destination that it does not already have in its CAM table, it will forward the frame out all ports except the one on which the frame was received. This is called unknown unicast flooding.

Hint

If the destination MAC address is a unicast address, the switch will look for a match between the destination MAC address of the frame and an entry in its MAC address table:

• If the destination MAC address is in the table, it will forward the frame out of the specified port.
• If the destination MAC address is not in the table (unknown unicast), the switch will forward the frame out all ports except the incoming port. If the destination MAC address is a broadcast or a multicast, the frame is also flooded out all ports except the incoming port.

Hint

To correct the problem the Fa0/1 interface must be put into the 10.231.64.0 /19 network, so that it is in the same logical network as PC1. Currently the interface is in the 10.231.128.0 network.

Hint

Options matched to the correct selection.

TCP	UDP	Both UDP and TCP
window size	connectionless	checksum
3-way handshake	best for VoIP	port number

Hint

The switch ARP table keeps a mapping of Layer 2 MAC addresses to Layer 3 IP addresses. These mappings can be learned by the switch dynamically through ARP or statically through manual configuration.

Hint

The running-config is a keyword of the show command.

Hint

A default gateway address is typically configured on all devices to allow them to communicate beyond just their local network.In a switch this is achieved using the command ip default-gateway <ip address>.

Hint

A Media Access Control (MAC) address is unique on every device. An Internet Protocol (IP) address is used to communicate with devices on another LAN or on the Internet.

Hint

The VLAN 1 on a Cisco Layer 2 switch is a virtual interface. By default, VLAN 1 is assigned as the management interface for remote access (Telnet or SSH) to the device for management tasks. In order to allow remote access through the network, a valid IP address configuration is needed on VLAN 1.

Hint

The ping 127.0.0.1 command tests the TCP/IP stack through the loopback interface.